BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//DIAL - ECPv6.2.9//NONSGML v1.0//EN CALSCALE:GREGORIAN METHOD:PUBLISH X-WR-CALNAME:DIAL X-ORIGINAL-URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org X-WR-CALDESC:Events for DIAL REFRESH-INTERVAL;VALUE=DURATION:PT1H X-Robots-Tag:noindex X-PUBLISHED-TTL:PT1H BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:UTC BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0000 TZOFFSETTO:+0000 TZNAME:UTC DTSTART:20180101T000000 END:STANDARD TZID:Europe/Helsinki BEGIN:DAYLIGHT TZOFFSETFROM:+0200 TZOFFSETTO:+0300 TZNAME:EEST DTSTART:20190331T010000 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD TZOFFSETFROM:+0300 TZOFFSETTO:+0200 TZNAME:EET DTSTART:20191027T010000 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20211021 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20211023 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20210411T084412Z LAST-MODIFIED:20220112T065117Z UID:4044-1634774400-1634947199@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:DIAL Final Conference DESCRIPTION:The final conference of the Dynamics of Inequality across the Life-course (DIAL) research programme took place in Brussels on the 21st and 22nd of October 2021. The conference gathered researchers and stakeholders to discuss the research on social inequality produced in the various DIAL projects. The conference was organized in a hybrid format in which all the keynote lectures and parallel sessions taking place in Brussels were streamed for the online audience. Additionally\, part of the program took place fully online. Registration for the online conference was widely advertised\, and there were over 100 participants following the conference remotely in addition to almost 60 participants on-site in Renaissance Brussels Hotel. \nTwo intensive conference days contained thought-provoking presentations\, lively debates between researchers and stakeholders and coffee breaks filled with informal discussions of research and more. The conference started with the opening words by the DIAL Scientific Programme Coordinator Elina Kilpi-Jakonen. Kilpi-Jakonen gave an overview of DIAL projects and output published so far\, highlighting in particular the interdisciplinary work on social mobility and gender differences in labour market careers. With great sadness\, the unexpected death of James Law (leader of the SEED project) was also announced. This was followed by the keynote lectures by Professor David Bell (University of Stirling)\, Associate Professor Anna Matysiak (University of Warsaw)\, and Director for Social Rights Katarina Ivanković Knežević (European Commission). Bell focused on the unequal impacts of the covid-19 pandemic and how governments were able to cushion some of these effects in terms of redistribution. Matysiak talked about changing demand for skills\, and how men and women differ in skills but are also rewarded differently for these skills. Ivanković Knežević gave an overview of the European Commission’s agenda for addressing social inequalities across the life-course\, highlighting policies such as the EU child and youth guarantees. \nResearch by DIAL researchers was presented and discussed in the parallel sessions. These sessions contained summary presentations from the various DIAL projects as well as paper presentations concentrating on inequalities across the life-course. The presentations covered the whole human lifespan: from prenatal and postnatal maternal smoking to income inequality in mortality. There were a total of fourteen parallel sessions that focused on the main themes of the DIAL projects: child development\, educational inequalities\, labour market inequalities\, intergenerational transmission of advantages\, gender inequalities\, LGBTIQ+ discrimination\, and unequal ageing. \nThe final conference had the great pleasure to welcome stakeholder discussants to many of the sessions. Discussants from the European Commission\, European Trade Union Confederation\, OECD\, European Parliamentary Research Service\, Eurochild\, and COFACE Families Europe were invited to hear about the recent research produced in DIAL and to give their insights into how this fits into their work and what knowledge is needed from the policy maker’s point of view. Amongst other themes\, these discussants highlighted that\, according to Eurobarometer 2017 data\, the majority of Europeans perceive income inequality to be too high and would also like their governments to do something about this\, and that inequalities in life expectancy are an important question to address in order to ensure dignity in ageing. \nAs the world is still in the middle of the pandemic\, meeting and exchanging ideas with colleagues in person seemed to delight many of the on-site participants. On behalf of the DIAL organizing team\, we thank all the conference participants for their active input. Please also note that many of the papers presented at the conference can be found on the DIAL website. Recordings of many of the presentations will also be made available soon. \nThe video recordings of the presentations are available here \nThe full conference programme is available here (updated 19 October 2021) \nKeynote speakers\n \n  \n  \nAnna Matysiak\, Associate Professor\, University of Warsaw\, \nMatysiak specializes in family demography and labour market research\, and is the PI of the ERC Consolidator Grant “Globalization- and Technology-Driven Labour Market Change and Fertility” (LABFER). \n  \n  \n \n  \n  \nDavid Bell\, Professor\, University of Stirling\, \nBell specializes in labour economics\, fiscal federalism and the economics of ageing\, and is the PI of the Healthy AGeing In Scotland (HAGIS) survey \n  \n  \n \n  \nKatarina Ivanković Knežević\, DG EMPL Director for Social Rights \nIvanković Knežević’s activity  is modernisation of social protection systems and wider social policies fostering social and labour market inclusion\, through the implementation of the European Pillar of Social Rights and other relevant social policies of the European Union. Before the European Commission she was a State Secretary in the Ministry of Labour and the Pension System of the Republic of Croatia. \n  URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/dial-final-conference/ LOCATION:Renaissance Brussels Hotel\, Rue du Parnasse 19\, Brussels\, 1050\, Belgium ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/png:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/banneri.png ORGANIZER;CN="Elina Kilpi-Jakonen":MAILTO:elina.kilpi-jakonen@utu.fi END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20201203 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20201205 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20201204T165441Z LAST-MODIFIED:20201204T165441Z UID:3165-1606953600-1607126399@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:DIAL thematic workshop ‘Institutional Influences on Inequalities across the Life-Course’ DESCRIPTION:The fourth DIAL thematic workshop on institutional influences on inequalities across the life-course\, hosted by Professor Alexander Ludwig from the Goethe University Frankfurt\, was held online on the 3rd and 4th of December 2020. In addition to 12 scientific presentations by researchers from eight DIAL projects\, the workshop included also a policy panel with representatives from the European Commission\, OECD\, Eurochild\, and the German Federal Ministry of Finance. Read more about the presented studies and policy panel below! \nTHURSDAY: Labour market and income inequalities and intergenerational processes \nAfter some welcoming words and practical guidelines from Alexander Ludwig\, the first session of the workshop started with a presentation on LGBTQI workplace inequalities by Matthew Hall and Andrew King (project ‘Comparing Intersectional Life Course Inequalities amongst LGBTQI+ Citizens in Four European Countries’\, CILIA-LGBTQI+). They introduced an agent-based simulation model of LGBTQI workplace discrimination\, which allows exploring a series of theoretical questions\, such as the role of agency in understanding individuals’ career progression and changes to workplaces’ discriminatory practices over time. In their presentation\, Queralt Capsada-Munsech and Vikki Boliver (‘Life-Course Dynamics of Educational Tracking’\, LIFETRACK) focused on the influence of selective schools at the level of lower secondary education on earnings across the life course for cohorts born in the 1950s in England and Denmark. Their findings show that\, in both countries\, those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds were strikingly under-represented in these selective schools even after taking into account social class differences in measured ability. Furthermore\, attending such schools appears to do little to improve individual outcomes or increase social mobility\, particularly in England. Alessandro Di Nallo (‘Critical Life Events and the Dynamics of Inequality: Risk\, Vulnerability\, and Cumulative Disadvantage’\, CRITEVENTS) presented the findings of a study analysing the effect of job loss on fertility in Germany and the United Kingdom. Based on the results\, he argued that job loss affects negatively the chances of having children for men and especially for women\, and that the effect is stronger in the United Kingdom than in Germany. \nPer Krusell (‘Trends in Inequality: Sources and Policy’\, TRISP) kicked off the workshop’s second session with his presentation ‘Past\, Present\, and Future Marginal Propensities to Consume’ discussing both macroeconomics and inequality. The presented study seeks to answer the question about how the distribution of marginal propensities to consume has developed and to predict how the distribution will evolve in the future – the current prediction being that there will be a slow but significant further widening of inequality. Jamie Hentall MacCuish (TRISP) discussed the design and results of a study that uses panel data\, which covers a cohort of individuals from birth to retirement\, in estimating a dynamic model of household decision-making with intergenerational altruism that incorporates different forms of parental investment in children. The results provide explanations to why high-income parents have a higher incentive to invest in their children’s ability\, which then generates the positive correlation between parents’ and children’s lifetime incomes. Gonzalo Paz-Pardo (TRISP) gave the last presentation of the day. In the presented study\, the main questions were the extent to which households can self-insure against income shocks\, and how government interventions could\, through the tax and benefit system\, better insure workers against these shocks. The researchers used both survey and administrative data from the United Kingdom to estimate a flexible process for wage dynamics and to develop and estimate a model of married and single households\, which they then used to perform policy evaluations. \nPolicy panel \nAlexander Ludwig chaired the policy panel\, which brought together the Secretary General of Eurochild Jana Hainswortch\, Policy Officer Stefan Iszkowski of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Employment\, Social  Affairs and Inclusion\, the Head of Social Policy Division at the OECD Monika Queisser\, and Chief Economist of the German Federal Ministry of Finance Jakob von Weizsäcker. The panellists discussed their views on the different drivers of inequality over the life-cycle\, the role of respective institutions and desired policy reforms\, and the question of how policy design on inequality should be re-thought in light of the Covid-19 crisis. \nThe consensus among the panellists\, who approached the topics from differing viewpoints\, was that there is an urgent need for recognising the human\, moral\, and financial value of preventive measures and early identification of challenges and turning points across the whole life-cycle\, but particularly in early childhood. In this regard\, the importance of adopting a holistic approach of early childhood development was emphasised. According to the panellists\, what is needed now\, particularly due to the drastic repercussions of the Covid-19 crisis\, is a caring and enabling (not patronising or nannying) state that helps its members throughout the life-cycle and recognises the potential in every citizen. One necessary step towards this goal is that all the policy fields work together across sector boundaries. \nFRIDAY: Cross-national differences and inequalities towards the end of working lives and at the very beginning of life \nThe second day of the workshop started with Anette Eva Fasang’s (‘Inequality\, early adult life courses and economic outcomes at mid-life in comparative context’\, EQUALLIVES) presentation examining how welfare states shape social inequality in parallel work and family lives from ages 21 to 40 in four European countries representing different welfare state models. The results of the study illustrate that\, while the most economically successful life courses are remarkably similar – and far more likely to be experienced by men – across countries\, socio-economically disadvantaged life courses and the extent to which they are gendered remain highly country specific. Konrad Turek (CRITEVENTS) presented the Comparative Panel File (CPF)\, which is an open science project to harmonise the world’s major and longest-running household panel surveys from seven countries. CPF provides an open-source code to construct a comparative dataset based on the original data from the household panel surveys in order to maximise the comparative research potential of powerful datasets and to support the community of researchers interested in comparative life course studies. In the third presentation of the session\, Áine Ní Léime (‘Dynamics of Accumulated Inequalities for Seniors in Employment’\, DAISIE) discussed her study on gender inequalities across the life course among older Irish healthcare workers with a focus on the implications of the institutional policy context and caring norms on their gender-differentiated work-life experiences and wellbeing. The findings of the study suggest\, for instance\, that there are gender inequalities in relation to financial wellbeing of older workers\, among whom women are more likely to be financially disadvantaged. This is connected with women’s greater caring responsibilities and the context of policies that are not family friendly enough. \nIn final session of the workshop\, the first presentation was given by Christine Farquharson (‘Growing up Unequal? The Origins\, Dynamics and Lifecycle Consequences of Childhood Inequalities’\, GUODLCCI) on the topic of workforce quality in early years interventions. Drawing on evidence from a large-scale home visiting programme\, the study examined the factors that drive effectiveness in early intervention programmes targeted at highly disadvantaged clients. The results illustrate aspects of the ways in which the quality of the workforce matters for the cognitive\, socio-emotional\, and health outcomes of both children and mothers. Nicole Baumann (‘Life Course Dynamics after Preterm Birth – Protective Factors for Social and Educational Transitions\, Health\, and Prosperity’\, PremLife) discussed results of a study on the role of adverse birth outcomes\, such as preterm birth\, in the relationship that parental educational and occupational achievement have with child academic performance. The analysis included three birth cohorts from the United Kingdom\, and the results suggest that\, on a population level\, the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission is largely independent of effects through adverse birth outcomes. The workshop concluded with a presentation by Ayten Bilgin (PremLife) who talked about a study on the changes in emotional problems\, hyperactivity\, and conduct problems in moderate to late preterm children and adolescents over a 40-year period in the United Kingdom. The results revealed that mother-reported emotional problems and hyperactivity symptoms during late childhood and adolescence of those born moderate-to-late preterm have increased relative to those born full term\, whereas the self-reported emotional problems have stayed similar. URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/dial-thematic-workshop-institutional-influences-on-inequalities-across-the-life-course/ LOCATION:Goethe University Frankfurt END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;VALUE=DATE:20201029 DTEND;VALUE=DATE:20201031 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20201104T074607Z LAST-MODIFIED:20201104T105732Z UID:3078-1603929600-1604102399@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:DIAL workshop on intergenerational mobility and human capital accumulation DESCRIPTION:The third DIAL thematic workshop on ‘Intergenerational Mobility and Human Capital Accumulation’ was hosted by the Norwegian School of Economics NHH and held online on the 29th and 30th of October 2020. Around 30 researchers mostly from economics and sociology from eight DIAL projects participated in the workshop that focused\, as the title suggests\, on various aspects and forms of intergenerational social and income mobility. The 14 presentations of the workshop included many research results with high scientific and policy relevance inspiring lively methodological and theoretical discussion among the participants. \nTHURSDAY \nAfter some welcoming words and practical guidelines from professor Kjell G. Salvanes from the NHH\, the first session of the workshop started with Thomas Cornelissen (project ‘Populism\, Inequality and Institutions’\, PII) who has studied with Thang Dang the impacts of educational expansion in Vietnam. Based on the results of their study\, they argue that the expansion of education increases human capital investments in the children of the directly affected generation with increased educational expenditures\, school enrolment\, and health investments. Educational expansion also reduces child labour. Stephanie von Hinke and Emil Sørensen (‘Gene-Environment Interplay in the Generation of Health and Education Inequalities’\, GEIGHEI) analysed the wellbeing consequences of several austerity measures introduced in the UK in 2013. Their study shows that the financial stress caused by government cuts in council tax benefits\, housing subsidies\, and disability living allowance had no significant effect on a range of important mental health outcomes\, such as depression\, happiness\, sleep\, and wellbeing indices. In his presentation\, Paul Hufe (‘The Impact of Childhood Circumstances on Individual Outcomes over the Life-Course’\, IMCHILD) illustrated how decreases in the parental wage gap led to an increase in household’s total financial resources\, in financial resources controlled by mothers\, and in the use of informal care providers in Germany. However\, Hufe’s study did not find any aggregate effects on the socio-emotional development of children. Hence\, his findings suggest that strides towards gender equality in the labour market do not come at the cost of detrimental effects on child development. \nRita Dias Pereira (GEIGHEI) kicked off Thursday’s second session by presenting her research results\, which showed persistent and increasing inequality of opportunity despite the increase in schooling in the US. Even though education had increased\, it did so less for the most underprivileged children. By examining the intergenerational mobility of children born in England in the 1980’s\, Laura van der Erve and colleagues (‘Human Capital and Inequality during Adolescence and Working Life’\, HuCIAW) demonstrated that\, with regard to income\, even the most successful children from poor backgrounds do not perform as well as the average child from a rich family. On average\, gaps in educational attainment explain around 80% of the differences in adult earnings between those from the poorest and richest families. The last presentation of the day was given by Eyal Bar-Haim (‘Life Course Dynamics of Educational Tracking’\, LIFETRACK)\, who has\, together with Guy Shany\, studied social reproduction in educational systems of 28 countries. They have found higher levels of teachers’ cultural capital to be associated with a stronger effect of cultural capital on school performance\, and they argue that countries should invest more in training teachers from lower cultural capital backgrounds than attracting higher background teachers. \nFRIDAY \nThe second day of the workshop started with a presentation by Dilnoza Muslimova (GEIGHEI). Her joint work with colleagues supports previous findings that firstborns have a higher level of education than laterborns. This is due to environmental influences\, for example\, greater parental time investment in firstborn child. Their novel finding is that birth order and genetic endowments interact: being firstborn and having relatively high genetic endowments for education exhibit a positive interaction\, thus increasing educational attainment even further. Falk Voit and colleagues (‘Life Course Dynamics after Preterm Birth – Protective Factors for Social and Educational Transitions\, Health and Prosperity’\, PremLife) have analysed the association between preterm birth and intergenerational mobility in education in the UK\, Germany\, and Finland. The results they presented provide evidence about the relevance of parental education and individual disadvantages at birth for individual school performance and educational outcomes. In the third presentation of the session\, Hélène Le Forner (IMCHILD) presented joint work with Francesco Andreoli and other colleagues on the effects of circumstances on long-term income opportunities\, and argued that previous estimates of inequality of opportunity in Sweden have been rather underestimated. \nIn the second session\, the first presentation discussed a study on the long-term consequences of exposure rates of Scarlet Fever on heart disease\, cognition\, and educational obtainment by Samuel Baker and colleagues (GEIGHEI). Their results show that an increased exposure to Scarlet Fever does not significantly reduce educational attainment and provided only limited support to it having negative effects on fluid intelligence. Hélène Le Forner (IMCHILD) presented her study on the formation of children’s cognitive and non-cognitive skills\, which illustrates that time spent on educational activities with the father has a smaller effect on child’s non-cognitive skills than time spent with both parents together or with the mother only. Ella Johnson-Watts (‘Growing up Unequal? The Origins\, Dynamics and Lifecycle Consequences of Childhood Inequalities’\, GUODLCCI) discussed some of the mechanisms through which prenatal shocks affect postnatal outcomes. Her study together with Gabriella Conti shows that currently accepted levels of ambient air pollution have negative impacts on early health and educational outcomes\, and that these connections are mediated by effects on foetal development. Thus\, policy makers concerned about the roots of inequality should urgently consider lowering the legal pollution concentration limits. \nThe third session of Friday and the last session of the whole workshop included two presentations. Firstly\, Alexander Ludwig (‘Trends in Inequality: Sources and Policy’\, TRISP) presented his joint work with colleagues on the long-term impact of school closures during the COVID-19 crisis on children. Younger children are hurt more by the school closures than older children\, and parental reactions reduce the negative impact of the school closures to a certain extent depending on their assets. According to their results\, the negative impact of the crisis on children’s welfare is especially severe for those with parents with low educational attainment and low assets. The second presentation was on a study by Sarah Cattan and colleagues (HuCIAW; GUODLCCI) analysing the role of social networks in attaining elite educational degrees in Norway and the intergenerational links in educational attainment. Their results illustrate how the positive impact of certain social networks is much larger among those students whose socio-economic status is high than among those students whose socio-economic status is low. Lastly\, professor Salvanes concluded the workshop by thanking all the participants for their exciting presentations and for engaging actively in the discussions. URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/dial-workshop-on-intergenerational-mobility-and-human-capital-accumulation/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=UTC:20191216T080000 DTEND;TZID=UTC:20191216T170000 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20190116T094220Z LAST-MODIFIED:20200318T115728Z UID:1791-1576483200-1576515600@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:Education and Life Conference in Newcastle DESCRIPTION:The second DIAL thematic workshop – Education and Life – was organized on 13th and 14th of January 2020 at the Newcastle University. Researchers from the UK\, Germany\, the Netherlands\, France and Finland gathered together to present and discuss their ongoing research. The presentations of this two-day workshop covered topics such as socioeconomic differences in child development\, with a special focus on linguistic and behavioural development\, preterm babies\, maternal mental health and social mobility. The conference finished with a vivid discussion on science communication to political actors and practitioners. \nFirst day \nCramman (SEED) started the first workshop day by presenting findings on the “Monitoring Practical Science in School and Colleges” study conducted in England and Scotland. The results indicate that introducing more practical science\, an important material in preparing students for laboratory-based courses at university\, did not enhance students’ grades. Instead\, many schools struggled to provide the necessary facilities for practical science in general and were unable to introduce more practical science to begin with. Labuschange (SEED) demonstrated in her presentation that language development below or above normal limits at 18 to 48 months is associated with stuttering onset at the age of nine among Dutch children. Kirkman (SEED) investigated the association between class identity and smoking\, showing that it remained significant even after controlling for the individual’s economic situation. The results indicate that at least in the UK\, class identity can be an important explanation for why smoking is more popular among the working class than the middle class. The next two presentations focused on the risk factors related to preterm birth. Lemola (PremLife) showed that low socioeconomic status and education are associated with a higher risk of preterm birth\, but the social gradient has decreased among the latest birth cohorts. Schintzlein (PremLife) showed that especially the mother’s poor mental health during pregnancy increases the risk of having a preterm birth. \nThe last presentations of the day concentrated on child language skills. Attig (SEED) presented results highlighting how mother’s education\, sensitivity and stimulating behaviour as well as mother-child interaction and joint book reading were all associated with better language skills at the age of two among German children. Barone’s (LIFETRACK) presentation dealt with a field experiment that took place in public schools located in low-income districts of the city of Paris. In this study\, schoolchildren and their parents were provided with books and information on the benefits of shared book reading. The results showed that especially low educated parents were more responsive to the intervention and their children benefitted the most in terms of improved language skills. Karwath (SEED) demonstrated that poverty has detrimental effects on the child’s early vocabulary and grammar. Lastly\, Huang (SEED) presented results on the impact of socioeconomic status on 5 years old’s socio-emotional development via parental distress and behaviour in the UK and Germany. The results show that while socioeconomic status is an important predictor of language development\, more precise effects of the socioeconomic status and parental distress and behaviour varied between the countries. \nSecond day \nThe second day consisted of presentations\, keynote speeches and discussions on possible policy implications and how to reach policy makers. First\, Willoughy (SEED) presented on the difficulty in identifying strict thresholds for assessing functional language difficulties. Next\, Rush and Law (SEED) talked about the problems related to a common confusion between association and causation and the possible pitfalls in this field; emphasizing the need to understand well the nature of mediation analysis when utilizing it. Next\, Jansen (SEED) showed how children’s socio-emotional-\, cognitive- and motor-developmental trajectories vary by socioeconomic position (SEP) in the Netherlands. Children from lower SEP families have more developmental problems at baseline\, but the inequalities diminish as the children grow. Further\, girls outperformed boys in all developmental outcomes across SEP groups. \nAnna Vignoles (HuCIAW) held the first keynote speech on socioeconomic differences in the UK educational system\, and how this inequality continues in labour market outcomes. She demonstrated that despite the ‘student’s choice’ being the basis of the English educational system\, this does not hold. Instead\, students’ aspirations\, attitudes and actions are greatly influenced by their socioeconomic background\, ultimately determining their educational routes. The second keynote speech was given by Paul Bradshaw who presented the collection and updates of the Growing Up in Scotland study (GUS) as well as the possible impacts of the study findings on policy development. \nLastly\, a good hour was spent on discussing science communication to a non-academic audience\, and on the possibilities and challenges related to policy briefs. As Tuesday came to an end\, some headed home\, and some continued with internal projects meetings the next day. Hopefully\, everybody was left with an inspiration to continue with the research for the last remaining year of the DIAL projects. We hope to see everyone in future DIAL meetings! URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/education-and-life-conference-in-newcastle/ END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20190606T100000 DTEND;TZID=Europe/Helsinki:20190608T140000 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20180604T134757Z LAST-MODIFIED:20210526T075359Z UID:10-1559815200-1560002400@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:DIAL Mid-term Conference 2019 DESCRIPTION:The first mid-term conference of the DIAL (Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-course) research programme took place from the 6th to the 8th of June 2019. \n \nThis summary captures a three-day programme of presentations and panel discussions at the mid-term conference organised by Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-course (DIAL)\, which took place from 6–8 June 2019 in Turku\, Finland. The conference brought together over 90 researchers from many of the DIAL research projects as well as representatives from various international and European institutions such as OECD\, COFACE\, Eurofound and ETUC. Numerous topics were covered at the conference\, including intergenerational inequalities and inequalities related to education\, labour market\, health\, partnership and family-life. The conference was preceded by a pre-conference on “Introduction to the German Socio-economic Panel Study (SOEP)” with Daniel Graeber on Wednesday. \nThe first conference guests strolled down the sunny streets of Turku and arrived at the beautiful campus area. The conference began with welcoming words from the rector in a lecture hall Mauno Koivisto\, named after a sociologist and the ninth President of Finland. Jo Blanden from the University of Surrey delivered the first keynote speech with a topic on new dimensions of intergenerational economic mobility. Blanden described how educational mobility has decreased and educational inequality increased in the United Kingdom. In her talk\, Blanden emphasized two main issues: first\, she introduced wealth\, especially homeownership\, as a new dimension for economic inequality. Second\, Blanden called for switching the attention back from relative mobility to absolute mobility\, which lately has weakened in the UK. The keynote speech was followed by project introductions where 12 out of 13 projects gave a short introduction on their progressions. \nFirst parallel sessions focused on inequality over the life-course and educational and health inequality. Anette Fasang from the EQUALLIVES project presented a paper on life-course typologies across countries. The study revealed the complexity when it comes to country differences: the country context affects the ordering of the events and determines which structures are more advantageous. Ainé Ní Leime from the DAISIE project demonstrated how life-course affects the retirement age differed between occupations and genders. The study concluded that a universal retirement age does not sufficiently take into account the diverse life-courses that vary between these subpopulations\, emphasizing a need to recalibrate the retirement age based on new premises. Eyal Bar-Haim from the IMCHILD project investigated income inequality between cohorts across 14 countries. A scarring effect – where difficulties to enter the labour market have life-long effects – was found among most countries for cohorts born after the 1950s. \nThe second parallel session covered topics such as conceptualizing of mobility\, labour market inequality\, immigration and ethnic minorities and partnership trajectories. Anders Björklund from the PII project presented a study where they looked at different types of approaches to intergenerational mobility that have been used in studies. While these approaches give different answers to how important family background is in terms of inequality in economic outcomes\, all of them could be considered useful and informative. Adrian Adermon from the IMCHILD project presented a study where they bridged two literature traditions\, intergenerational mobility and equality of opportunity. He demonstrated with Swedish data how geographical differences in the opportunities can create differences in the intergenerational mobility. \nThe conference continued on a sunny Friday morning with parallel sessions on topics related to early adulthood processes\, secondary level education\, parenting and economic insecurity. Wei Huang from the SEED project presented results on the mechanisms underlying the association between social inequality and toddler’s social competence. The results showed that especially high maternal education predicted a toddler’s social competence and the effect was partially mediated by maternal supportive parenting behaviour. High parental education also promoted children’s prosociality and prevented them from peer problems. Second parallel sessions continued with topics on educational inequalities\, life-course aspects on mental wellbeing and family life-courses and economic inequalities. Laura Heiskala from LIFETRACK project presented preliminary results on the family background effects on children’s failures in educational transitions within prestige study fields in Finland. \nLast sessions on Friday covered social origin influences on education and parental stress effects on intergenerational processes\, human capital formation and intersectional inequalities. Friday was finished with a keynote speech on the effects of early-life exposures on health\, cognitive\, and educational outcomes over the life course by Professor Florencia Torche. Torche presented some fascinating results from her research on the effect of prenatal stress on children’s outcomes. By using a panel survey together with a natural experimental setting\, she showed how the early-pregnancy exposure to stressors could have long-term effects on children’s outcomes\, and how the children’s ability to ‘catch up’ depends on their socioeconomic advantage. \nThe keynote speech was followed by a panel discussion on supporting families to break the cycle of disadvantage. The panellists consisted of Liz Gosme (COFACE)\, Tracey Burns (OECD)\, James Law (Newcastle University)\, Marika Jalovaara (University of Turku) and the session was chaired by Kirsi Sutton (the Trade Union of Education in Finland). The panellists pointed out that to break the cycle of a disadvantage there is a need to intervene in national and local levels to provide meaningful support to families promptly. However\, the challenge is to identify\, reach and engage the families in need and to provide evidence-based support. \nAfter the second conference day\, it was time to head out and enjoy the long daylight and the rare heat we were blessed with. A nice stroll down the river led the conference guests to Koulu\, previously functioned as a school for cooks\, which served as a place for the conference dinner. \nThe last day kicked off with parallel sessions on inequalities on the labour market\, health behaviours and partnership. Alice Kügler from the PII project presented results on the effect of displacement in manufacturing. The results of how low-skilled workers in manufacturing suffer large wage losses compared to high-skilled workers. Pawel Bukowski from the PII project presented a study on inequality trends in Poland from 1892 to 2015. The results shed light on the interesting development from communism to capitalism\, and how Poland changed from one of Europe’s most equal societies to one of the most unequal one within a very short period. \nProfessor Karl Ulrich Mayer delivered the last keynote speech on “the contribution of life course research to the study of inequality –more questions than answers?”. Mayer presented a vast number of life-course studies conducted on socioeconomic inequalities in education\, labour market\, health and partnership. Epigenetics was also mentioned as a new and promising comer for the life-course studies. Last but not least\, the keynote speech was followed by a panel discussion on tackling inequalities in the labour market\, with Franz Eiffe (Eurofound)\, Marina Monaco (ETUC)\, Alexandra Tzvetkova (European Commission)\, Susan Harkness (University of Bristol) and the discussion was chaired by Susan Kuivalainen (Finnish Centre for Pensions). The panellists presented several policy implications for diminishing inequality in the labour market such as minimum wage with supportive tax and benefit system\, more support for women’s labour market participation and for workers’ wellbeing at work. \n  URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/mid-term-conference/ LOCATION:Publicum\, University of Turku\, Department of Social Research\, Turku\, 20014\, Finland ATTACH;FMTTYPE=image/jpeg:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ilmakuva-educarium-publicum-kevat-2015-e1530192669847.jpg ORGANIZER;CN="Elina Kilpi-Jakonen":MAILTO:elina.kilpi-jakonen@utu.fi END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=UTC:20181115T130000 DTEND;TZID=UTC:20181116T150000 DTSTAMP:20240328T143351 CREATED:20181129T151443Z LAST-MODIFIED:20181130T090642Z UID:602-1542286800-1542380400@dynamicsofinequality.org SUMMARY:Structures and processes of labour market inequalities – Highlights from the first DIAL thematic workshop DESCRIPTION:Dynamics of Inequality Across the Life-course (DIAL) organised its first thematic workshop on Labour Market Inequalities Across the Life-course at the University of Turku on November 15-16\, 2018. This two-day workshop brought together researchers from many of the research projects of the multi-disciplinary research programme as well as a representative from the OECD. Its focus was on inequalities related to the labour market\, including working life transitions\, gendered pay\, retirement and working conditions. The presentations covered inequalities spanning different points of working-life pathways such as the early career\, work-family relations\, later earnings and retirement. \nStarting from the early career stage\, the HuCIAW project showed new evidence using administrative data on how\, even after taking family background into account\, which university you attended and what subject you studied matters for your earnings in the UK. Some research projects brought up emerging vital fields of studies regarding inequalities. For example the CILIA-LGBTQI+ project introduced a new approach\, the agent-based model\, to study the interactions between workplaces and LGBTQI+ citizens\, and presented existing findings on the discrimination of LGBTQI+ workers in Portugal. The PREMLIFE project discussed intergenerational aspects of labour market fluctuations and how parental stress influences pre-term births\, which in turn have long-lasting impacts on children’s development. \nOne important theme among the presentations was gender inequalities with respect to earnings\, career projections and work-family relations. The HuCIAW project has found work experience after childbirth to be a significant factor affecting the gender pay gap in the UK. Further\, their results show that mothers work closer to home than do fathers\, which can limit their possibilities for obtaining higher-earning jobs. The EQUALLIVES project\, on the other hand\, showed that returning to work after childbirth is affected by mother’s pre-birth employment characteristics as well as educational attainment level. Further\, they demonstrated that parental social class explains variation in initial wages among women whereas family-life trajectories influence the rate of women’s wage increases. \nAnother important theme during the workshop was inequalities of work among the older population. The DAISIE project presented results on working conditions of older citizens across European countries\, highlighting that older workers reported being subjected to difficult working conditions less frequently in Nordic and Continental European countries than in Southern-Eastern countries. The DAISIE project also showed how the entitlement to a pension is the main factor in determining the timing of retirement in the Czech Republic. However\, this can raise worries as women are entitled to retire earlier and thus their risk of poverty at old age is increased\, something for which they already have a higher risk. The comparative studies of the DAISIE project demonstrated variation in retirement pathways across and within countries in Europe. For example\, women and men in corporatist welfare regime countries are more likely to retire early than in other regimes. The OECD’s work on pension systems and their influence on inequality in retirement income was also discussed. \nWorkshop Programme URL:https://dynamicsofinequality.org/event/first-dial-thematic-workshop-labour-market-inequalities-across-the-life-course/ LOCATION:Publicum\, University of Turku\, Department of Social Research\, Turku\, 20014\, Finland END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR