This systematic review and analysis of existing research suggests that adults born preterm or with low birth weight are less likely than adults born full-term to experience a romantic partnership, sexual intercourse, or to become parents. However, preterm birth or low birth weight does not seem to impair the quality of relationships with partners and friends.
The researchers selected 21 studies in which 180,000 of more the 4.5 million participants born pre-term or with low birth weight were asked about romantic partnerships, sexual intercourse, parenthood, relationship quality, and peer social support. These were then used to systematically investigate the links between preterm birth or low birth weight and social outcomes in adulthood.
Those participants born most prematurely and with the lowest weight, were least likely to experience a romantic partnership and parenthood. When adults born preterm or with low birth weight were in a romantic partnership or had friends, the quality of these relationships was not poorer compared with adults born full-term.
The researchers conclude that lack of sexual or partner relationships may be associated with lower levels of well-being and poorer physical and mental health. They call for further research into what is at play for this group and to identify timely interventions to support them as they move into adulthood when relationships are being formed.